Here are some general questions and answers about buying property in Brazil.
Can foreign overseas investors buy and own property in Brazil?
Yes, there are no major restrictions for overseas buyers or foreign investors wishing to buy into Brazilian property. The Brazilian Government encourages overseas investment, and offers the benefit of a foreign overseas purchaser being able to own property in Brazil 100% freehold.
How an offer is generally made when I want to buy into the Brazil property market?
When you have decided upon a property that you wish to buy in Brazil a verbal offer will need to be made through the agent and often some negotiations will follow. At this stage a lawyer should be appointed by you to formalize your final price agreement and to oversee purchase proceedings, including deposit or reservation payments. With off-plan purchases, the price is however, often fixed and dependent upon the current phase of construction.
The buying procedure in Brazil may vary slightly according to which developer you are buying property from in Brazil, so when buying on a new or off-plan development as an example, you will need to establish the specific procedures and financial arrangements relating to the property development in question.
How does the property registration system work in Brazil?
The property registry system in Brazil is well developed and safe. The registration itself is carried out by private notary publics. All property is registered at one single registry, which records details of the entire commercial history and the physical identification of each property. It is obviously very important to ensure that any property you buy in Brazil has a clear title. Access to registry information is available to the public and includes relevant details on ownership, mortgages and other pending debts. In the larger cities, these services may be automated.
What is a CPF number and how can I apply for it?
You will need a CPF number in order to buy property. To get a CPF number (Cadastro de Pessoas Fisicas): a) you can apply in your home country by supplying your birth certificate translated into Portuguese by a certified translator and legalized by the Brazilian Consulate in your home country. This will then need to be taken to the Banco Do Brasil with your passport and birth certificate in order to formally apply for a CPF. A small fee is payable and the following day you will receive your assigned CPF number at the Receita Federal, or b) Alternatively, if you are visiting Brazil to buy property, it can be much easier to apply for your CPF when you are here, although we recommend that you bring your birth certificate with you and marriage certificate if this applies. Your CPF number can then be obtained during your visit. When buying a property through Fortaleza Real Estate we help you organizing this free of charge.
What are the associated costs with my property purchase in Brazil?
Transaction costs, including stamp duty (registration fee), fees etc. can average at between 3% and 8% of the purchase price. These costs may differ according to location, type of property and the State you buy in. If it takes a significant amount of work to establish title and ownership, the costs could amount to more.
Breakdown:
- A down-payment for your chosen property of usually about 10% of the purchase price is requested.
- Property transfer/registration fees average about 5% of the purchase price, but this can vary depending on the type of property that you buy, and also the state in which you buy.
- Payment can often be made all at once or in installments of 12, 24, 36, 48, or even up to 84 months when buying off plan or a building in construction, but interest rates are very high, and generally not fixed via constructer finance in Brazil. If you opt to pay in installments, bear in mind there is also a currency risk: if the value of the Brazilian Real goes down, your property becomes cheaper, and vice versa.
- Payment for private purchases is often made all at once, although short-term payment agreements of up to 3 months can be made.
- 1% import tax on the transfer of funds from abroad.
As an overseas investor, how do I send the money abroad when buying my property in Brazil?
When you have decided to buy your property in Brazil, and assuming you are sending money from overseas, funds are sent directly from your own bank account to the seller’s bank account in Brazil, via the Central Bank of Brazil (Banco do Brasil). The bank records your funds entering into the country and in order to release the funds, the seller must present the sale and purchase contract to the bank. We strongly recommend you use only this official route, or you may have problems transferring funds out of Brazil when you sell your property in the future. There are generally no limitations in returning funds from Brazil provided they were originally registered with the Central Bank of Brazil at the time of purchase.
Is there any risk associated with my property purchase when I make an investment in Brazil?
Yes, that is why it is strongly recommended that you always use a registered CRECI property agent in Brazil, and that you are buying a property that has been thoroughly checked out by a qualified Lawyer, then, your property purchase should run very smoothly.
What is the meaning of buying off plan?
Buying “off plan” means purchasing an overseas property at the planning stage before it is actually built. When you buy “off plan” it can be an exciting process that will normally deliver good returns on your overseas investment because you have fixed the price at an early stage, and bought property in a desired established location. Certain off plan developments in Brazil will also enable the buyer to have a say on the final outcome of the property, whether that be for general finish of the property or in fact a totally different internal design just as a few examples.
What are the benefits to buy off plan in Brazil?
Property sold “off plan” is generally bought for a substantially lower price when comparing to the price on completion of the build. This means that buying off plan property in Brazil can potentially deliver an excellent return on investment for overseas buyers. The building process in Brazil of any project generally takes between 24 and 36 months from off plan purchase to completion. The majority of off plan buyers tend to agree that seeing the dream unfold in front of you can be very rewarding from the point of view that you can possibly contribute to the final shape and look of your off plan investment along with having the time to plan ahead, which can be extremely useful when planning to move abroad for your retirement as just one example.
Is there a governing body of control for Brazil real estate agents?
Yes, Brazil’s estate agents are monitored carefully by a governing body known as CRECI, which stands for ‘Conselho Regional de Corretores de Imóveis’. Each qualified agent or business based in Brazil will be registered with CRECI and will be assigned a unique number which is lodged at the companies’ house. As an example, Fortaleza Real Estate is a registered Real Estate Agent in Fortaleza, Ceará with (CRECI – 5653).
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